Introduction Acquired pulmonary artery stenosis is a rare entity that has scarcely been described in the literature, and it is mainly associated with compression of the pulmonary artery trunk and its branches by mediastinal tumors (teratomas and lymphomas). We report the case of a young patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the anterior mediastinum that led to extrinsic compression and local luminal invasion of the pulmonary artery trunk, causing significant impact on the right heart chambers, with subsequent improvement after chemotherapy. […]

Abstract An 82-year-old patient with severe aortic valve stenosis and high risk for conventional surgery due to chronic renal dysfunction and restrictive lung disease underwent transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using a self-expanding Navitor® prosthesis (Abbott). Immediately after implantation, valve dysfunction was observed, characterized by inversion of the right coronary leaflet, resulting in severe acute prosthetic regurgitation and hemodynamic instability. Therefore, a 21.5 mm balloon-expandable Myval® prosthesis was also implanted (TAV-in-TAV). The critical condition was resolved with immediate hemodynamic […]

Abstract Background Dyspnoea is a common clinical symptom that frequently prompts hospital admission and is associated with significant morbidity. While it most often results from prevalent cardiopulmonary conditions, rare congenital cardiovascular anomalies can also manifest with dyspnoea. Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (PAPVC) and Coronary Artery Fistulas (CAFs) are uncommon congenital malformations of the cardiovascular system, and their simultaneous presence is exceedingly rare. Early recognition of such anomalies is critical to avoid progressive hemodynamic compromise and to guide appropriate management […]

Introduction Aneurysms of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are a rare occurrence in the cardiovascular system and can present with a variety of signs and symptoms. In many cases, patients remain asymptomatic, which makes diagnosis difficult. Venous aneurysms are defined as an abnormal and persistent dilation of a vein in a specific area, with a diameter at least twice that considered normal. An IVC aneurysm is a specific type of venous aneurysm. This case report is relevant because this condition […]

Introduction Ebstein’s anomaly is a complex congenital heart disease that occurs in one out of every 200,000 live births. Its association with left-sided obstructive lesions is rare and poses significant challenges for both clinical and surgical management. In this case report, we present a newborn patient with Ebstein’s anomaly associated with supravalvular mitral stenosis and coarctation of the aorta (CoA), who underwent cardiac catheterization for the implantation of a post-dilatable stent in the aortic isthmus via the carotid approach. […]

Abstract A patient with severe, symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) without a significant left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient at rest requires further evaluation. During exercise echocardiography (EE) performed on a supine bicycle, a latent or underestimated dynamic obstruction may be identified in real time, with postprandial assessment being particularly relevant.

Introduction Calcium is a fundamental component of biological systems and plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes. Calcium entry triggers a mechanism known as calcium-induced calcium release, in which calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is modulated by the influx of calcium from the extracellular space. Muscle contraction subsequently occurs through the interaction between calcium and the troponin-tropomyosin complex. In the heart, intracellular calcium is the primary regulator of contractile force (inotropism). Hypocalcemia-induced cardiomyopathy is a rare […]

Discussion The DPAA (pedal artery) was first described in 1907. Since then, other authors have reported this rare type of aneurysm, but its clinical manifestations are still relatively unknown. With only 24 cases reported in the literature until 2017, according to Aragão et al., the DPAA aneurysm is more common among men (63%) with a mean age of 55.4%. In general, it appears as a pulsatile mass, which may lead to microembolization, hemorrhage, rupture, and nerve compression. Physical examination usually […]

Introduction Globally, strokes are the second leading cause of mortality,, and are broadly categorized into hemorrhagic and ischemic types., In 2019, ischemic stroke accounted for 62.4% of all cases, totaling 7.63 million episodes. Projections indicate a substantial increase in stroke prevalence, from 3.9% in 2020 to an estimated 6.4% by 2050. Despite comprehensive etiological investigations, the underlying cause of cerebrovascular ischemic events remains undefined in 10% to 40% of the cases, known as cryptogenic stroke. Stroke is often a disabling […]

Introduction Heart Failure (HF) is estimated to affect approximately 26 million people worldwide., In Brazil, prevalence is high, with about 2 million diagnosed patients and an incidence of roughly 240,000 new cases every year. Between 2011 and 2021, more than 2.5 million HF-related hospitalizations were recorded in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), underscoring the relevance of the disease in the national context. These figures highlight the need for early diagnostic strategies and etiological definition for the appropriate management of […]