Introduction Carotid atherosclerosis is an important marker of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk and has traditionally been assessed using ultrasonography with a predominant focus on the degree of luminal stenosis. This paradigm was established by landmark studies that supported therapeutic decision-making, particularly in symptomatic patients. However, advances in understanding of plaque biology have shown that stenosis alone does not fully account for the clinical risk, especially in asymptomatic individuals or those with non-obstructive lesions. Over the past decades, increasing evidence has […]

Introduction Carotid web (CW) is a nonatherosclerotic disease of the extracranial carotid artery, described as an atypical, still little known, and poorly diagnosed focal fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). CW has been associated with the occurrence of cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs) and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), affecting young patients, with no other known causes. […]