ABSTRACT Monitoring systemic venous congestion has become essential in the management of critically ill patients, enabling accurate diagnosis, severity grading, and prognostic stratification. Literature shows that congestion is strongly associated with the development of acute kidney injury and increased mortality when compared with optimized volume states. In this setting, intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) has emerged as an advanced and versatile tool. In addition to allowing detailed assessment of cardiac function, TEE is effective in assessing intravascular volume status and predicting […]

ABSTRACT Background: Surgical and transcatheter techniques represent the two principal approaches for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. Although both are widely used, comparative evidence regarding their mid-term effects on cardiac remodeling and right ventricular (RV) function remains limited. Objectives: To compare mid-term cardiac structural remodeling and right ventricular functional recovery after surgical versus transcatheter ASD closure in pediatric patients using serial color Doppler echocardiographic assessment. Additionally, to determine whether either technique leads to faster or greater improvement in right heart […]