Diagnosing heart failure (HF) in patients with multiple comorbidities continues to pose a challenge, especially when overlaps with pulmonary disease, obesity, or atypical clinical presentation. In this context, complementary diagnostic tools, such as NT-proBNP and venous excess ultrasound (VExUS) score, enable earlier and more accurate assessment of congestion, reducing adverse effects and fostering timely implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy. Management of decompensated HF becomes even more complex when there is subclinical fluid retention, a frequently underestimated condition that is associated […]