Abstract Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is an increasing challenge in cardiology, marked by impairments in systolic and/or diastolic function. HFpEF patients often present with exercise intolerance, yet diagnosis is complicated by overlapping comorbidities, such as obesity and hypertension. Left ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) enables the detection of subtle systolic dysfunction, with studies indicating a stronger correlation between GLS and exercise capacity than ejection fraction (EF). In exercise echocardiography, GLS displays a characteristic bimodal pattern due to […]

Introduction Physical stress echocardiography is a firmly established method in the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease.– Compared to pharmacological stress echocardiography, it is physiological, does not depend on venoclysis, and is free of side effects. Physical exercise preserves the normal electromechanical response and provides valuable prognostic information about a patient’s functional status. Therefore, physical stress is the test of choice for assessment of myocardial ischemia in patients who are capable of exercise. The main differences between methods are […]

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