ABC Imagem Cardiovasc. 2025; 38(4): e20250078
How I Assess Left Ventricular Systolic Function
DOI: 10.36660/abcimg.20250078i
Abstract
Assessment of left ventricular systolic function is central to transthoracic echocardiography and remains essential in clinical practice and research. Although left ventricular ejection fraction is still the most widely used parameter, advances in echocardiographic techniques have broadened diagnostic assessment. This review summarizes key methods for evaluating systolic function, from traditional linear measurements to modern two- and three-dimensional volumetric approaches. The roles and limitations of the Simpson method, contrast echocardiography, three-dimensional imaging, myocardial deformation analysis, and artificial intelligence are discussed, emphasizing the importance of an integrated and individualized approach.
Keywords: Echocardiography; Heart Rate; Left Ventricular Function
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