Abstract Background The urbanization process impacts the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Indigenous populations can undergo a devastating epidemiological transition. Objective The present study aimed to describe the Project of Atherosclerosis among Indigenous Populations (PAI) study protocol for assessing echocardiographic images and subclinical CVD in indigenous populations according to the degree of urbanization and report its preliminary results. Methods The PAI is a cross-sectional study that includes volunteers aged 30–70 years among Brazilian indigenous groups exposed to low and advanced […]