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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260074i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20260074i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Short Editorial</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Beyond Imaging: The Silent Impact of Depression on Coronary Artery Disease</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9870-0990</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Quagliato</surname><given-names>Priscila Cestari</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital e Maternidade São Luiz Campinas</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Campinas</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital e Maternidade São Luiz Campinas, Campinas, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label> <bold>Priscila Cestari Quagliato</bold> • Hospital e Maternidade São Luiz Campinas. Av. Andrade Neves, 863. Postal Code: <postal-code>13070-000</postal-code>. Campinas, SP – Brazil E-mail: <email>cestari.fpriscila@gmail.com</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>29</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<elocation-id>e20260074</elocation-id>
<permissions>
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<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
<kwd>Depression</kwd>
<kwd>Mental Health</kwd>
<kwd>Cardiology</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="2"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="9"/>
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</front>
<body>
<p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, and its intersection with mental health has received prominent attention in contemporary cardiology discussions. In 2025, the European Society of Cardiology published a guideline specifically addressing the multidirectional association between mental health and cardiovascular disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Key issues were highlighted, including healthcare professionals’ limited awareness regarding the prevalence of mental disorders and their direct impacts on cardiovascular health, as well as inadequate recognition of severe mental illness and the stigmas associated with these conditions.</p>
<p>Mental disorders play a detrimental role in cardiovascular prevention, affecting treatment adherence and management of acute decompensations. The overlapping symptoms of the two conditions and the difficulties in monitoring chronic disease negatively impact patient prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>A recent study conducted at a Brazilian federal university hospital revealed an alarming scenario: among 120 patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging, 48.3% presented symptoms consistent with moderately severe to severe depression, and 12.5% reported suicidal ideation. This prevalence is almost five times higher than that observed in the general Brazilian population,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> reinforcing these patients’ psychosocial vulnerability. The study did not demonstrate a statistically significant association between the severity of depressive symptoms and the presence of ischemia detected by conventional myocardial perfusion imaging, suggesting that psychological distress may be independent of immediate anatomical severity.</p>
<p>This apparent lack of association further complicates the clinical scenario. Although previous studies, such as the one by Fotopoulos et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> have attempted to correlate perfusion findings with depression and anxiety, outpatient settings have shown that traditional risk factors for CAD also predispose to mental disorders in a bidirectional cycle. For example, obesity and smoking are closely linked to depressive symptoms through reward mechanisms and chronic inflammation. The impact on quality of life is drastic, with 88.3% of patients reporting poor perception of their physical health.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>Symptoms such as frustration, sadness, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and intense fear of death have been reported as post-myocardial infarction experiences; however, persistent or disabling distress may also indicate an associated psychiatric disorder.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>Studies such as the one by Barbirato et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> have demonstrated that mental stress testing can induce myocardial perfusion defects in up to 40% of asymptomatic patients, highlighting the complexity of the neuro-humoral mechanisms linking the mind to the heart. Given the shortage of mental health specialists in Brazil (with only 6.69 psychiatrists per 100,000 inhabitants and an uneven geographical distribution),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> it is imperative that the diagnosis and initial management of mental health disorders be integrated into the routine practice of primary care physicians and cardiologists.</p>
<p>In this context, the formation of a multidisciplinary cardiology and mental health team is strongly recommended, operating analogously to the well-established heart team for highly complex cases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> A stepwise implementation of this multidisciplinary team following the ACTIVE principles has been proposed for team development (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). The acronym stands for Acknowledge, Check, (use validated) Tools, Implement, Venture, and Evaluate, thereby allowing better process control and adaptation to the realities of individual health settings.</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>The multidirectional cycle between cardiovascular disease and mental health and the suggested ACTIVE (Acknowledge, Check, [use validated] Tools, Implement, Venture, Evaluate) principles for implementing multidisciplinary teams. Adapted from the 2025 ESC Clinical Consensus Statement on mental health and cardiovascular disease: developed under the auspices of the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee. European Heart Journal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20260074-gf01.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>The implementation of brief, validated screening tools, such as the PHQ-2 or PHQ-9, as part of routine cardiological assessment, represents a &quot;golden opportunity.&quot; These measures enable early interventions and a truly patient-centered approach. In conclusion, modern cardiology requires us to look beyond. Ignoring the heart–mind connection results in incomplete care. Clinical practice must evolve to incorporate structured mental health screening, thereby ensuring better clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients.</p>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
<p>Short editorial related to the article: Major Depressive Disorder and Quality of Life in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by Myocardial Perfusion Imaging</p></fn>
</fn-group>
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<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260074</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Minieditorial</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Além da Imagem: O Impacto Silencioso da Depressão na Doença Arterial Coronariana</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9870-0990</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Quagliato</surname><given-names>Priscila Cestari</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Campinas</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital e Maternidade São Luiz Campinas, Campinas, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><label>Correspondência:</label> <bold>Priscila Cestari Quagliato</bold> • Hospital e Maternidade São Luiz Campinas. Av. Andrade Neves, 863. CEP: <postal-code>13070-000</postal-code>. Campinas, SP – Brasil E-mail: <email>cestari.fpriscila@gmail.com</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Doença da Artéria Coronariana</kwd>
<kwd>Depressão</kwd>
<kwd>Saúde Mental</kwd>
<kwd>Cardiologia</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<p>A doença arterial coronariana (DAC) permanece como a principal causa de morbimortalidade global, e a sua intersecção com a saúde mental tem ganhado merecido destaque nas discussões cardiológicas contemporâneas. Em 2025, a Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia publicou uma diretriz abordando especificamente a associação multidirecional entre saúde mental e doença cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Pontos críticos foram destacados, incluindo o desconhecimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre a prevalência de distúrbios mentais e seus impactos diretos na saúde cardiovascular, além do reconhecimento inadequado da doença mental grave e dos estigmas associados a essa condição.</p>
<p>A doença mental atua como um fator prejudicial direto na prevenção cardiovascular, afetando a adesão ao tratamento e o manejo de descompensações agudas. A sintomatologia sobreposta entre as duas condições e as dificuldades no seguimento da doença crônica impactam negativamente o prognóstico do paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>Um estudo recente, conduzido em um hospital universitário federal, evidenciou uma realidade alarmante: em uma amostra de 120 pacientes submetidos à cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica, 48,3% apresentavam sintomas compatíveis com depressão moderadamente grave a grave, e 12,5% relatavam ideação suicida. Essa prevalência é quase cinco vezes superior à encontrada na população geral brasileira,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> reforçando a vulnerabilidade psicossocial desses indivíduos. Curiosamente, o estudo não demonstrou associação estatisticamente significativa entre a gravidade dos sintomas depressivos e a presença de isquemia detectada pela cintilografia tradicional, sugerindo que o sofrimento psíquico pode ser independente da gravidade anatômica imediata.</p>
<p>Essa aparente dissociação torna o cenário clínico ainda mais complexo. Embora estudos anteriores, como o de Fotopoulos et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> tenham tentado correlacionar achados de perfusão com depressão e ansiedade, a realidade ambulatorial mostra que os fatores de risco tradicionais para a DAC também predispõem a transtornos mentais em um ciclo bidirecional. Por exemplo, a obesidade e o tabagismo estão intimamente ligados a sintomas depressivos através de mecanismos de recompensa e inflamação crônica. O impacto na qualidade de vida é drástico, com 88,3% dos pacientes relatando baixa percepção de saúde física.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>Sintomas como frustração, tristeza, ansiedade, distúrbios do sono e medo intenso da morte fazem parte da experiência pós-infarto; no entanto, sofrimento persistente ou incapacitante pode ser indício de doença psiquiátrica associada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>Pesquisas como a de Barbirato et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> demonstraram que técnicas de estresse mental podem induzir defeitos de perfusão miocárdica em até 40% de pacientes assintomáticos, revelando a complexidade do sistema neuro-humoral que conecta a mente ao coração. Diante da escassez de especialistas em saúde mental no Brasil — com apenas 6,69 psiquiatras por 100 mil habitantes e uma distribuição geográfica desigual<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> — torna-se imperativo que o diagnóstico e o manejo inicial de transtornos mentais sejam integrados à prática do clínico geral e do cardiologista.</p>
<p>Nesse cenário, a formação de uma equipe multiprofissional (ou equipe psico-cardio) é fortemente recomendada, operando de forma análoga ao já estabelecido <italic>heart team</italic> para casos de elevada complexidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> A sistematização em etapas de implementação dessa equipe multiprofissional utilizando os princípios ACTIVE é uma sugestão de ferramenta para a estruturação do time (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>). Essa sigla refere-se a <italic>Acknowledge, Check, (use validated) Tools, Implement, Venture, Evaluate</italic> — em português, reconhecer, verificar, usar ferramentas validadas, implementar, aventurar-se (incluir outras especialidades no cuidado da saúde mental) e avaliar os resultados, permitindo assim melhor controle dos processos e adaptação à realidade de cada serviço de saúde.</p>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption>
<title>O ciclo multidirecional da doença cardiovascular e da saúde mental, em que se sugerem os princípios ACTIVE (<italic>Acknowledge, Check, [use validated] Tools, Implement, Venture, Evaluate</italic> — em português, reconhecer, verificar, usar ferramentas validadas, implementar, aventurar-se e avaliar) na implementação das equipes multiprofissionais. Figura adaptada de Bueno et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-02-e20260074-gf01-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>A implementação de ferramentas de triagem breves e validadas, como o PHQ-2 ou PHQ-9, na rotina de avaliação cardiológica, representa uma &quot;oportunidade de ouro&quot;. Tais medidas permitem intervenções precoces e uma abordagem verdadeiramente centrada no paciente. Em conclusão, a cardiologia moderna exige que olhemos além. Ignorar a conexão coração-mente é oferecer um cuidado incompleto. É imperativo que a prática clínica evolua para incorporar o rastreamento estruturado da saúde mental, garantindo melhores desfechos clínicos e qualidade de vida para os pacientes.</p>
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<p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Transtorno Depressivo Maior e Qualidade de Vida em Pacientes Com Doença Arterial Coronariana Avaliados por Cintilografia de Perfusão do Miocárdio</p></fn>
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