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<article article-type="brief-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="other">03001</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260013i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Brief Communication</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity-Time Integral (LVOT VTI) as a Marker of Cardiac Performance: Mortality Data of the ELSA-Brasil Cohort</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7311-4370</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Lopes</surname>
						<given-names>Mariana de Castro</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and obtaining financing</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and statistical analysis</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0860-5210</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Heidemann</surname>
						<given-names>Altair Ivory</given-names>
						<suffix>Jr</suffix>
					</name>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and statistical analysis</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3080-0968</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Pianca</surname>
						<given-names>Eduardo G.</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and statistical analysis</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1365-2222</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Duncan</surname>
						<given-names>Bruce B.</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2914-4406</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Foppa</surname>
						<given-names>Murilo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and obtaining financing</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and statistical analysis</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2493-0547</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Santos</surname>
						<given-names>Angela B.S</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research and obtaining financing</role>
					<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and statistical analysis</role>
					<role>writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Cardiology Division</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv2">Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Medical School</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3">
				<label>3</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv2">Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01">
					<label>Mailing Address:</label> Mariana de Castro Lopes • Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Sala 2061. Postal code: 90035-903. Porto Alegre, RS – Brazil. Email: marianadecastro.lopes@gmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
					<p>Marcelo Tavares</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
					<label>Potential Conflict of Interest:</label>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>26</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2026</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2026</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>39</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20260013</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>06</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2026</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>09</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2026</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>09</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2026</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords</title>
				<kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
				<kwd>Risk Assessment</kwd>
				<kwd>Mortality</kwd>
				<kwd>Healthy Volunteers</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<funding-statement><bold>Sources of Funding:</bold> There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
			</funding-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="2"/>
				<table-count count="4"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="7"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) is a well-established tool for assessing cardiac function and hemodynamics. While Left Ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function are commonly used metrics, Cardiac Output (CO) remains central for evaluating hemodynamic status, especially in critical care settings. TTE-derived parameters, such as Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity-Time Integral (LVOT VTI) and LVOT area, when combined with body habitus and heart rate, provide noninvasive estimates of cardiac output. However, the accuracy of CO calculations may decrease when multiple covariates are included, with LVOT diameter being a major source of error.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In contrast, isolated LVOT VTI may represent a simpler and more reliable surrogate of cardiac performance.</p>
		<p>Among patients with Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF), LVOT VTI values below 12 cm or 8 cm have been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes, with a progressive increase in risk as VTI decreases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Similarly, in intermediate to high-risk pulmonary embolism, LVOT VTI ≤ 15 cm has been associated with higher in-hospital mortality, cardiopulmonary arrest, shock, and need for reperfusion therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> In secondary mitral regurgitation, LVOT VTI ≤ 17 cm predicts both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> And in ambulatory adults with stable Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), LVOT VTI ≤ 18 cm was associated with heart failure hospitalization and mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Despite these findings, there is limited data to evaluate the usefulness of LVOT VTI in free-dwelling adults.</p>
		<p>In this study, we aimed to identify the association between LVOT VTI and mortality among participants in the ELSA-Brasil cohort, a multicenter occupational study of Brazilian adults.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Participants underwent standardized TTE between 2008 and 2010 based on published guidelines. All these exams were subsequently analyzed in a core lab.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Measurements included LVOT VTI, LV Ejection Fraction (LVEF), Stroke Volume Index (SVI), and Cardiac Index (CI). Mortality was assessed through annual follow-up and adjudicated by the investigators up to December 2022.</p>
		<p>Echocardiographic data were available for 2,237 participants (58.6 ± 9.1 years, 46% male). The mean of LVOT VTI was 19.6 ± 4.0 cm, and 111% had a value of LVOT VTI below the pre-specified cutoff (&lt; 15 cm), a value similar to the other studies’ cutoff and positioned between the 10<sup>th</sup> and 25<sup>th</sup> percentiles of our sample distribution. Participants with LVOT VTI &lt; 15 cm were slightly older (57 ± 9.9 vs 58.8 ± 8.9, p = 0.009) and showed a higher proportion of males (63% vs 44%, p &lt; 0.001) than the LVOT VTI ≥ 15 cm group. The prevalence of other parameters of cardiac performance below established abnormality thresholds<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> was as follows: LVEF &lt; 50% (N = 71, 3%), SVI &lt; 38 mL/m<sup>2</sup> (N = 1673, 74%), and CI ≤ 2 L/min/m<sup>2</sup> (N = 905, 40%). The distribution of other relevant variables is depicted in <italic><xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref></italic>. Over a mean follow-up period of 11.8 ± 2.2 years, 199 (8.9%) participants died (137 males and 62 females).</p>
		<p>
			<table-wrap id="t1">
				<label>Table 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Baseline characteristics.</title>
				</caption>
				<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
					<colgroup width="20%">
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
					</colgroup>
					<thead>
						<tr>
							<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
							<th style="font-weight:normal">Overall N = 2,237</th>
							<th style="font-weight:normal">LVOT VTI &lt; 15 cm N = 246</th>
							<th style="font-weight:normal">LVOT VTI ≥ 15 cm N = 1,991</th>
							<th style="font-weight:normal">p-value</th>
						</tr>
					</thead>
					<tbody>
						<tr>
							<td>Male Sex (%)</td>
							<td align="center">1028 (46)</td>
							<td align="center">157 (64)</td>
							<td align="center">871 (44)</td>
							<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Age (years)</td>
							<td align="center">58.6 ± 9</td>
							<td align="center">57 ± 9.9</td>
							<td align="center">58.8 ± 8.9</td>
							<td align="center">0.009</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Heart rate (bpm)</td>
							<td align="center">67 ± 10</td>
							<td align="center">73.9 ± 11.6</td>
							<td align="center">66.7 ± 10.1</td>
							<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>SBP</td>
							<td align="center">125.1 ± 18.8</td>
							<td align="center">126.1 ± 18.3</td>
							<td align="center">125 ± 18.8</td>
							<td align="center">0.38</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>DBP</td>
							<td align="center">76.1 ± 10.7</td>
							<td align="center">78.8 ± 11.1</td>
							<td align="center">75.8 ± 10.7</td>
							<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Height (cm)</td>
							<td align="center">163.9 ± 9.3</td>
							<td align="center">165.9 ± 9.7</td>
							<td align="center">163.7 ± 9.3</td>
							<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Weight (kg)</td>
							<td align="center">72 ± 13.5</td>
							<td align="center">72.4 ± 13.6</td>
							<td align="center">71.9 ± 13.6</td>
							<td align="center">0.57</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Body surface area (m²)</td>
							<td align="center">1.77 ± 0.19</td>
							<td align="center">1.79 ± 0.2</td>
							<td align="center">1.77 ± -0.19</td>
							<td align="center">0.073</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Body mass index (kg/m²)</td>
							<td align="center">26.5 ± 4.2</td>
							<td align="center">25.9 ± 3.55</td>
							<td align="center">26.6 ± 4.12</td>
							<td align="center">0.11</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Hypertension (%)</td>
							<td align="center">1019 (45.6)</td>
							<td align="center">119 (48)</td>
							<td align="center">900 (45)</td>
							<td align="center">0.364</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Diabetes (%)</td>
							<td align="center">459 (20.5)</td>
							<td align="center">53 (21)</td>
							<td align="center">406 (20)</td>
							<td align="center">0.675</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>LVEF (%)</td>
							<td align="center">66 ± 8.2</td>
							<td align="center">60.5 ± 11.7</td>
							<td align="center">67.1 ± 7.3</td>
							<td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>SV index (mL/m²)</td>
							<td align="center">32.8 ± 8.7</td>
							<td align="center">25.3 ± 5.9</td>
							<td align="center">33.8 ± 8.5</td>
							<td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Cardiac output (L/min)</td>
							<td align="center">3.89 ± 1.1</td>
							<td align="center">3.3 ± 0.98</td>
							<td align="center">3.9 ± 1.1</td>
							<td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Cardiac index (L/min/m²)</td>
							<td align="center">2.19 ± 0.58</td>
							<td align="center">1.8 ± 0.5</td>
							<td align="center">2.2 ± 0.59</td>
							<td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
						</tr>
					</tbody>
				</table>
				<table-wrap-foot>
					<fn id="TFN1">
						<p>Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD and categorical variables as number (percentage). SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; SV: Stroke Volume, LVEF: Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.</p>
					</fn>
				</table-wrap-foot>
			</table-wrap>
		</p>
		<p>Mortality was higher among participants with an LVOT-VTI &lt; 15 cm compared with those with higher values (12.6% vs. 8.4%; log-rank test χ² = 4.68, p = 0.026; <italic><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref></italic>). The multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that this association was independent of age and sex (Model 1- HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.00–2.18; <italic>p</italic> = 0.048). Additionally, this association remained significant after adjustment for body surface area (Model 2), slightly attenuated after adjustment for systolic blood pressure (Model 3- HR 1.46; 95% CI 0.99–2.15; <italic>p</italic> = 0.053) (<italic><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref></italic>). Overall, lower LVOT-VTI was consistently associated with an increased risk of mortality across all models, even after sequential adjustment for demographic and hemodynamic covariates.</p>
		<p>
			<fig id="f01">
				<label>Figure 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Kaplan-Meier survival according to LVOT VTI category (&lt; 15 cm vs. ≥ 15 cm).</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20260013-gf01.tif"/>
			</fig>
		</p>
		<p>
			<table-wrap id="t2">
				<label>Table 2</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for all-cause mortality according to LVOT-VTI (&lt; 15 cm vs. ≥ 15 cm)</title>
				</caption>
				<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
					<colgroup width="25%">
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
					</colgroup>
					<thead>
						<tr>
							<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
							<th style="font-weight:normal">Model 1</th>
							<th style="font-weight:normal">Model 2</th>
							<th style="font-weight:normal">Model 3</th>
						</tr>
					</thead>
					<tbody>
						<tr>
							<td> </td>
							<td align="center"> </td>
							<td align="center">HR (95% IC), p-value</td>
							<td align="center"> </td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Age (years)</td>
							<td align="center">1.09 (1.07–1.12), p &lt; 0.001</td>
							<td align="center">1.09 (1.07–1.12), p &lt; 0.001</td>
							<td align="center">1.08 (1.06–1.11), p &lt; 0.001</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>Male sex</td>
							<td align="center">2.58 (1.91–3.50), p &lt; 0.001</td>
							<td align="center">2.70 (1.90–3.84), p &lt; 0.001</td>
							<td align="center">2.47 (1.74–3.52), p &lt; 0.001</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>LVOT-VTI &lt; 15 cm</td>
							<td align="center">1.48 (CI 1.00–2.18), p = 0.048</td>
							<td align="center">1.48 (1.00–2.17), p = 0.048</td>
							<td align="center">1.46 (0.99–2.15), p = 0.053</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>BSA (m²)</td>
							<td align="center">—</td>
							<td align="center">0.81 (0.34–1.92), p = 0.637</td>
							<td align="center">0.83 (0.35–1.98), p = 0.682</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>SBP (mmHg)</td>
							<td align="center">—</td>
							<td align="center">—</td>
							<td align="center">1.01 (1.01–1.02), p &lt; 0.001</td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td>p (overall model)</td>
							<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
							<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
							<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
						</tr>
					</tbody>
				</table>
				<table-wrap-foot>
					<fn id="TFN2">
						<p>LVOT-VTI: left ventricular outflow tract velocity–time integral; BSA: body surface area; SBP: systolic blood pressure; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.</p>
					</fn>
				</table-wrap-foot>
			</table-wrap>
		</p>
		<p>Additionally, LVOT VI showed a weak correlation with height (r = -0.073; p &lt; 0.001), and no significant correlation with weight (r = 0.039; p = 0.067), or with BSA (r = 0.0003, p = 0.99), reinforcing the independence of LVOT TVI with body habitus.</p>
		<p>In summary, LVOT VTI &lt;15 cm was associated with a higher mortality among community-dwelling adults in this middle-income country. LVOT VTI may serve as a simple screening metric for cardiac performance in cardiovascular risk stratification of general populations, independently of adjustment for demographic and hemodynamic covariates. Further research is warranted to confirm the independent role of LVOT VTI in risk classification and to define relevant thresholds in specific settings.</p>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ref-list>
			<title>References</title>
			<ref id="B1">
				<label>1</label>
				<mixed-citation>1. Goldman JH, Schiller NB, Lim DC, Redberg RF, Foster E. Usefulness of Stroke Distance by Echocardiography as a Surrogate Marker of Cardiac Output that is Independent of Gender and Size in a Normal Population. Am J Cardiol. 2001;87(4):499-502. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01417-x.</mixed-citation>
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							<surname>Schiller</surname>
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							<surname>Lim</surname>
							<given-names>DC</given-names>
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		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Study Association:</label>
				<p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate:</label>
				<p> This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Clínicas de Porto Alegre under the protocol number 0017.1.069.000-06 194/06. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Use of Artificial Intelligence:</label>
				<p> The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-available-upon-request">
				<label>Availability of Research Data:</label>
				<p> All datasets supporting the results of this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
				<label>Sources of Funding:</label>
				<p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260013</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Comunicação Breve</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Integral Velocidade–Tempo do Trato de Saída do Ventrículo Esquerdo (LVOT VTI) Como Marcador de Desempenho Cardíaco: Dados de Mortalidade da Coorte ELSA-Brasil</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7311-4370</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Lopes</surname>
						<given-names>Mariana de Castro</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e análise estatística</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0860-5210</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Heidemann</surname>
						<given-names>Altair Ivory</given-names>
						<suffix>Jr</suffix>
					</name>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e análise estatística</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3080-0968</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Pianca</surname>
						<given-names>Eduardo G.</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e análise estatística</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1365-2222</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Duncan</surname>
						<given-names>Bruce B.</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3002"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2914-4406</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Foppa</surname>
						<given-names>Murilo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e análise estatística</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2493-0547</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Santos</surname>
						<given-names>Angela B.S</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e análise estatística</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3002">
				<label>3</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">
					<label>Correspondência:</label> Mariana de Castro Lopes Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Sala 2061. CEP: 90035-903. Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil. Email: marianadecastro.lopes@gmail.com </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p>Marcelo Tavares</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
					<label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse:</label>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave</title>
				<kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
				<kwd>Medição de Risco</kwd>
				<kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
				<kwd>Voluntários Saudáveis</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<funding-statement><bold>Fontes de Financiamento:</bold> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
			</funding-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>A Ecocardiografia Transtorácica (ETT) é uma ferramenta amplamente estabelecida para a avaliação da função cardíaca e da hemodinâmica. Embora parâmetros de função sistólica e diastólica do Ventrículo Esquerdo (VE) sejam comumente utilizados, o Débito Cardíaco (DC) permanece central na avaliação do estado hemodinâmico, especialmente em contextos de cuidados intensivos. Parâmetros derivados da ETT, como a Integral Velocidade–Tempo do Trato de Saída do Ventrículo Esquerdo (LVOT VTI) e a área do trato de saída, quando combinados a características antropométricas e à frequência cardíaca, permitem estimativas não invasivas do débito cardíaco. Entretanto, a precisão dos cálculos de DC pode diminuir quando múltiplas covariáveis são incluídas, sendo o diâmetro da LVOT uma das principais fontes de erro.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Em contraste, a LVOT VTI isoladamente pode representar um marcador substituto mais simples e potencialmente mais reprodutível do desempenho cardíaco.</p>
			<p>Em pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção reduzida (ICFEr), valores de LVOT VTI inferiores a 12 cm ou 8 cm foram associados a piores desfechos cardiovasculares, com aumento progressivo do risco à medida que o VTI diminui.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> De forma semelhante, em casos de embolia pulmonar de risco intermediário a alto, uma LVOT VTI ≤ 15 cm associou-se a maior mortalidade intra-hospitalar, parada cardiorrespiratória, choque e necessidade de terapia de reperfusão.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Na insuficiência mitral secundária, uma LVOT VTI ≤ 17 cm prediz mortalidade cardiovascular mortalidade por todas as causas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Em adultos ambulatoriais com Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC) estável, LVOT VTI ≤ 18 cm esteve associado à hospitalização por insuficiência cardíaca e à mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Apesar desses achados, ainda há dados limitados quanto à utilidade da LVOT VTI em adultos vivendo na comunidade.</p>
			<p>Neste estudo, buscamos avaliar a associação entre LVOT VTI e mortalidade entre participantes da coorte ELSA-Brasil, um estudo multicêntrico ocupacional com adultos brasileiros.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Os participantes foram submetidos à ETT padronizada entre 2008 e 2010, conforme diretrizes publicadas. Todos os exames foram posteriormente analisados em laboratório central.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> As medidas incluíram LVOT VTI, Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo (FEVE), Índice de Volume Sistólico (IVS) e Índice Cardíaco (IC). A mortalidade foi avaliada por acompanhamento anual e adjudicada pelos investigadores até dezembro de 2022.</p>
			<p>Dados ecocardiográficos estavam disponíveis para 2.237 participantes (58,6 ± 9,1 anos; 46% do sexo masculino). A média da LVOT VTI foi 19,6 ± 4,0 cm, e 11% apresentaram valor inferior ao ponto de corte pré-especificado (&lt; 15 cm), semelhante aos pontos de corte adotados em outros estudos e situado entre os percentis 10 e 25 da distribuição da amostra. Participantes com LVOT VTI &lt; 15 cm eram ligeiramente mais velhos (57 ± 9,9 vs. 58,8 ± 8,9 anos; p = 0,009) e apresentavam maior proporção de homens (63% vs. 44%; p &lt; 0,001) em comparação ao grupo com LVOT VTI ≥ 15 cm. A prevalência de outros parâmetros de desempenho cardíaco abaixo dos limiares estabelecidos de anormalidade<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> foi: FEVE &lt; 50% (n = 71; 3%), IVS ≤ 38 mL/m² (n = 1.673; 74%) e IC ≤ 2 L/min/m² (n = 905; 40%). A distribuição das demais variáveis relevantes encontra-se na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1002">Tabela 1</xref>. Durante acompanhamento médio de 11,8 ± 2,2 anos, ocorreram 199 óbitos (8,9%), sendo 137 em homens e 62 em mulheres.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1002">
					<label>Tabela 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Características basais.</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
								<th style="font-weight:normal">Geral (N = 2.237)</th>
								<th style="font-weight:normal">LVOT VTI &lt; 15 cm N = 246</th>
								<th style="font-weight:normal">LVOT VTI ≥ 15 cm N = 1.991</th>
								<th style="font-weight:normal">Valor de p</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td>Sexo masculino (%)</td>
								<td align="center">1028 (46)</td>
								<td align="center">157 (64)</td>
								<td align="center">871 (44)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Idade (anos)</td>
								<td align="center">58,6 ± 9</td>
								<td align="center">57 ± 9,9</td>
								<td align="center">58,8 ± 8,9</td>
								<td align="center">0,009</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Frequência cardíaca (bpm)</td>
								<td align="center">67 ± 10</td>
								<td align="center">73,9 ± 11,6</td>
								<td align="center">66,7 ± 10,1</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>PAS</td>
								<td align="center">125,1 ± 18,8</td>
								<td align="center">126,1 ± 18,3</td>
								<td align="center">125 ± 18,8</td>
								<td align="center">0,38</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>PAD</td>
								<td align="center">76,1 ± 10,7</td>
								<td align="center">78,8 ± 11,1</td>
								<td align="center">75,8 ± 10,7</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Altura (cm)</td>
								<td align="center">163,9 ± 9,3</td>
								<td align="center">165,9 ± 9,7</td>
								<td align="center">163,7 ± 9,3</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Peso (kg)</td>
								<td align="center">72 ± 13,5</td>
								<td align="center">72,4 ± 13,6</td>
								<td align="center">71,9 ± 13,6</td>
								<td align="center">0,57</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Área de superfície corporal (m²)</td>
								<td align="center">1,77 ± 0,19</td>
								<td align="center">1,79 ± 0,2</td>
								<td align="center">1,77 ± -0,19</td>
								<td align="center">0,073</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Índice de massa corporal kg/m²)</td>
								<td align="center">26,5 ± 4,2</td>
								<td align="center">25,9 ± 3,55</td>
								<td align="center">26,6 ± 4,12</td>
								<td align="center">0,11</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Hipertensão, (%)</td>
								<td align="center">1019 (45,6)</td>
								<td align="center">119 (48)</td>
								<td align="center">900 (45)</td>
								<td align="center">0,364</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Diabetes (%)</td>
								<td align="center">459 (20,5)</td>
								<td align="center">53 (21)</td>
								<td align="center">406 (20)</td>
								<td align="center">0,675</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>FEVE (%)</td>
								<td align="center">66 ± 8,2</td>
								<td align="center">60,5 ± 11,7</td>
								<td align="center">67,1 ± 7,3</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Índice de SV (mL/m²)</td>
								<td align="center">32,8 ± 8,7</td>
								<td align="center">25,3 ± 5,9</td>
								<td align="center">33,8 ± 8,5</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Débito cardíaco (L/min)</td>
								<td align="center">3,89 ± 1,1</td>
								<td align="center">3,3 ± 0,98</td>
								<td align="center">3,9 ± 1,1</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Índice cardíaco (L/min²)</td>
								<td align="center">2,19 ± 0,58</td>
								<td align="center">1,8 ± 0,5</td>
								<td align="center">2,2 ± 0,59</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN1002">
							<p>As variáveis contínuas são expressas como média ± desvio padrão e as variáveis categóricas como número (percentagem). PAS: Pressão Arterial Sistólica; PAD: Pressão Arterial Diastólica; VS: Volume sistólico, FEVE: Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>A mortalidade foi maior entre os participantes com LVOT VTI &lt; 15 cm em comparação àqueles com valores ≥ 15 cm (12,6% vs. 8,4%; teste de log-rank χ² = 4,68; p = 0,026; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref>). Na análise multivariada por modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox, essa associação mostrou-se independente de idade e sexo (Modelo 1: HR 1,48; IC de 95% 1,00–2,18; p = 0,048). A associação permaneceu significativa após ajuste para área de superfície corporal (Modelo 2) e apresentou discreta atenuação após ajuste adicional para pressão arterial sistólica (Modelo 3: HR 1,46; IC de 95% 0,99–2,15; p = 0,053) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2002">Tabela 2</xref>). De modo geral, valores mais baixos de LVOT VTI associaram-se de forma consistente a maior risco de mortalidade em todos os modelos, mesmo após ajustes sequenciais para covariáveis demográficas e hemodinâmicas.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01002">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier de acordo com a categoria VTI da LVOT (&lt; 15 cm vs. ≥ 15 cm).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20260013-gf01-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t2002">
					<label>Tabela 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Modelos multivariados de Cox para mortalidade por todas as causas segundo LVOT VTI (&lt; 15 cm vs. ≥ 15 cm)</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
								<th style="font-weight:normal">Modelo 1</th>
								<th style="font-weight:normal">Modelo 2</th>
								<th style="font-weight:normal">Modelo 3</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center">HR (IC de 95%) - Valor de p</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Idade (anos)</td>
								<td align="center">1,09 (1,07–1,12), <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001</td>
								<td align="center">1,09 (1,07–1,12), <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001</td>
								<td align="center">1,08 (1,06–1,11), <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sexo masculino</td>
								<td align="center">2,58 (1,91–3,50), <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001</td>
								<td align="center">2,70 (1,90–3,84), <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001</td>
								<td align="center">2,47 (1,74–3,52), <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>LVOT-VTI &lt; 15 cm</td>
								<td align="center">1,48 (1.00–2.18), <italic>p</italic> = 0,048</td>
								<td align="center">1,48 (1,00–2,17), <italic>p</italic> = 0,048</td>
								<td align="center">1,46 (0,99–2,15), <italic>p</italic> = 0,053</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Área de superfície corporal (m²)</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">0,81 (0,34–1,92), <italic>p</italic> = 0,637</td>
								<td align="center">0,83 (0,35–1,98), <italic>p</italic> = 0,682</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>PAS (mmHg)</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">—</td>
								<td align="center">1,01 (1,01–1,02), <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td><italic>p</italic> (modelo global)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN2002">
							<p>LVOT VTI: integral velocidade–tempo do trato de saída do ventrículo esquerdo; ASC: área de superfície corporal; PAS: pressão arterial sistólica; HR: razão de risco; IC: intervalo de confiança.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Observou-se ainda correlação fraca entre LVOT VTI e altura (r = -0,073; p &lt; 0,001), e ausência de correlação significativa com peso (r = 0,039; p = 0,067) ou com área de superfície corporal (r = 0,0003; p = 0,99), reforçando a relativa independência do LVOT VTI em relação às características antropométricas.</p>
			<p>Em síntese, uma LVOT VTI &lt; 15 cm foi associada a maior mortalidade em adultos residentes na comunidade em um país de renda média. A LVOT VTI pode representar uma métrica simples para rastreamento do desempenho cardíaco na estratificação de risco cardiovascular em populações gerais, independentemente de ajustes para variáveis demográficas e hemodinâmicas. Estudos adicionais são necessários para confirmar o papel independente da LVOT VTI na classificação de risco e para definir pontos de corte clinicamente relevantes em diferentes contextos clínicos.</p>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Vinculação Acadêmica:</label>
					<p> Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado:</label>
					<p> Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital Clínicas de Porto Alegre sob o número de protocolo 0017.1.069.000-06 194/06. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo estão de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinque de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes incluídos no estudo.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Uso de Inteligência Artificial:</label>
					<p> Os autores não utilizaram ferramentas de inteligência artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-available-upon-request">
					<label>Disponibilidade de Dados:</label>
					<p> Todo o conjunto de dados que dá suporte aos resultados deste estudo está disponível mediante solicitação ao autor correspondente.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
					<label>Fontes de Financiamento:</label>
					<p> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>