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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abcimg.20260004i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260004i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Editorial</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Recalibrating the Barometer: Echocardiography in Diastolic Dysfunction and the Era of New Algorithms</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2634-4632</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Otto</surname><given-names>Maria Estefania Bosco</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5153-8420</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Assef</surname><given-names>Jorge Eduardo</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7053-3684</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Nishida</surname><given-names>Gustavo</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Brasília</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Brasília</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital DF Star</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Brasília</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital DF Star, Brasília, DF – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label> <bold>Maria Estefania Bosco Otto</bold> • Universidade de Brasília. SQSW 301 Bloco F, Apto 508. Postal code: <postal-code>70910-900</postal-code>. Brasília, DF – Brazil E-mail: <email>mariaestefaniaotto@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><label>Editor responsible for the review:</label><p>Marcelo Tavares</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>27</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2026</year></pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<elocation-id>e20260004</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>12</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2026</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>29</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2026</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>29</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2026</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Left Ventricular Dysfunction</kwd>
<kwd>Diastolic Heart Failure</kwd>
<kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="2"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="11"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p>Diastolic dysfunction (DD) remains a diagnostic challenge, not for lack of available parameters, but because uncertainty emerges when complex physiology is reduced to static labels in echocardiographic reports. In clinical practice, physicians are often less concerned with the specific grade of DD and more interested in its prognostic implications and in whether increased filling pressures may explain dyspnea, guide further investigation, and support therapeutic decisions. It is precisely in this variable, mean left atrial pressure (MLAP) and left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (LVFP), that echocardiography must be most pragmatic, minimizing the number of &quot;indeterminate&quot; reports and offering an operational conclusion grounded in integrated physiology.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>The structured reasoning that supports this goal began with the 2009 American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Echocardiography guideline on the evaluation of LV diastolic function,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> a landmark document that organized modern thinking on diastole, established a shared language for key pathophysiological mechanisms, and systematized the interpretation of echocardiographic parameters. Beyond its conceptual value, it reinforced a critical principle for echocardiography laboratories: the assessment of diastole must translate into a clinically meaningful message, particularly when heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is suspected.</p>
<p>The 2016 update of the guideline represented another important step by simplifying and improving the reproducibility of multiparametric assessment, focusing on widely available variables suitable for routine use.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In practice, however, the post-2016 experience revealed a persistent issue: in the real world, especially among patients with HFpEF, a substantial proportion of studies continued to be classified as having &quot;indeterminate&quot; diastolic function. While methodologically honest, this result is often clinically insufficient.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>The study by Lababidi et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> represents a pragmatic turning point. In a multicenter cohort validated against invasive hemodynamics, they proposed a stepwise echocardiographic algorithm to estimate LVFP. The first stage relies on highly feasible measurements, while the second stage resolves discordance or incomplete data using additional parameters supported by strong pathophysiological rationale. Its editorial relevance is direct: the algorithm was designed to reduce the proportion of &quot;indeterminate&quot; cases and improve diagnostic accuracy (from 80% to 86% in patients with HFpEF) in determining LVFP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>Following the publication of Lababidi et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> the 2025 guideline &quot;recalibrates the barometer&quot; by incorporating these proposed algorithms into a structured strategy for diastolic evaluation and HFpEF diagnosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> This update not only refines the accuracy of DD classification but also improves the identification of increased LVFP, significantly reducing the proportion of cases classified as indeterminate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> These algorithms apply to patients in sinus rhythm and without mitral valve conditions that distort the assessment of relaxation and LVFP, such as mitral stenosis of any degree and moderate or severe mitral regurgitation or mitral annular calcification.</p>
<p>However, the 2025 guideline presents two key figures (Figures 2 and 3 of that document<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup>) that, at a superficial reading, may appear to compete with one another and therefore generate operational uncertainty. In general terms, Figure 2 of that guideline evaluates the presence of DD, whereas Figure 3 classifies findings based on the estimated MLAP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> When interpreted as alternative pathways rather than complementary steps, they may perpetuate uncertainty and lead to conflicting results.</p>
<p>In this context, the letter by Assef &amp; Nishida<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> gains practical relevance. They propose integrating these figures sequentially, redefining Figure 2 as Algorithm 1 (steps for diagnosing DD) and Figure 3 as Algorithm 2 (grading DD and estimating MLAP), both presented in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref> of this Editorial, with clearer transition rules and tie-breaking criteria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> This integrated use facilitates interpretation and reduces the likelihood of misclassification. The editorial response from the guideline authors, by clarifying issues related to interpretation and applicability, further contributes to harmonizing understanding and reducing variability in the use of these tools.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><title>Integrated algorithm for DD (adapted from Assef &amp; Nishida5 with permission). DD: diastolic dysfunction; IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time; LA: left atrium; LAP: LA pressure; LASr: LA strain, reservoir phase; LAVi: LA volume index; LV: left ventricle; LVMi: LV mass index; S/D: systolic-to-diastolic; PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; TR: tricuspid regurgitation.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20260004-gf01.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>In practice, this integration has two immediate consequences. First, it preserves a core set of widely feasible measurements (transmitral Doppler, e′ velocities, E/e′ ratio, and pulmonary pressure estimation) as the initial decision-making step, while directing the use of additional parameters with strong pathophysiological rationale when needed. Second, so-called advanced parameters are placed in their proper role: not as technological embellishments, but as tools to resolve discordance and bring the report closer to the central clinical question, increased versus non-increased LVFP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>Beyond workflow reorganization, the 2025 guideline incorporates two messages that directly reflect daily clinical practice. The first is the recognition of left atrial reservoir strain as an additional variable for diastolic assessment, particularly in populations with preserved ejection fraction, in whom the range of normality is broad and load dependence requires greater interpretative sophistication.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The second is the reinforcement that mitral annular tissue Doppler e′ velocities should be interpreted in the context of age, acknowledging the physiological decline in relaxation associated with aging.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Together, these incorporations move in the same direction: reducing false conflicts among variables and increasing the likelihood of a coherent conclusion when the clinical picture is suggestive.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
<p>Furthermore, the renewed role of pulmonary vein Doppler is consistent with the historical evolution of the field. As early as 2009, this parameter played a relevant role in inferring LVFP and distinguishing filling patterns.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> By repositioning it as a tie-breaking variable, contemporary algorithms restore its ability to appropriately reduce the diagnostic gray zone.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>Integration with clinical algorithms represents the next step in reducing attribution errors in patients with multifactorial dyspnea. Approaches such as H<sup>2</sup>FPEF help estimate pretest probability and identify those who may benefit from additional investigation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Complementarily, the HFA-PEFF algorithm organizes diagnostic probability and guides decisions regarding functional testing or invasive hemodynamic assessment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
<p>Finally, improved diagnostic precision has an unavoidable practical consequence: HFpEF now has therapies that modify outcomes. Without turning this Editorial into a therapeutic review, it is important to recognize that trials such as EMPEROR-Preserved (empagliflozin) and DELIVER (dapagliflozin) established SGLT2 inhibitors as beneficial interventions in patients with HFpEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> The more consistent the diagnosis of an HFpEF phenotype, the more appropriate the application of evidence-based treatment strategies.</p>
<p>In summary, &quot;recalibrating the barometer&quot; in DD means recovering what the 2009 guideline<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> conceptually organized, recognizing what the 2016 guideline<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> simplified, and applying what the 2025 guideline<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> operationalized: a stepwise, integrated, purpose-driven approach to classifying diastolic function and estimating MLAP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> New diastolic algorithms enable a clinically actionable conclusion, anchored in physiology, regarding the likelihood of increased LVFP. By sequentially integrating diastolic function classification with LVFP estimation, as proposed by Assef &amp; Nishida,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> inconsistencies observed in recent guidelines are substantially reduced, and echocardiographic reporting gains greater coherence and robustness, particularly when interpreted within the patient&apos;s clinical context.</p>
</body>
<back>
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<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20260004</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Editorial</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Recalibrando o Barômetro: A Ecocardiografia na Disfunção Diastólica e a Era dos Novos Algoritmos</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2634-4632</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Otto</surname><given-names>Maria Estefania Bosco</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5153-8420</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Assef</surname><given-names>Jorge Eduardo</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7053-3684</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Nishida</surname><given-names>Gustavo</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Brasília</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Brasília</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital DF Star, Brasília, DF – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><label>Correspondência:</label> <bold>Maria Estefania Bosco Otto</bold> • Universidade de Brasília. SQSW 301 Bloco F, Apto 508. CEP: <postal-code>70910-900</postal-code>. Brasília, DF – Brasil E-mail: <email>mariaestefaniaotto@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label><p>Marcelo Tavares</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda</kwd>
<kwd>Insuficiência Cardíaca Diastólica</kwd>
<kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
<kwd>Strain Atrial Esquerdo</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<p>A disfunção diastólica (DD) permanece um desafio diagnóstico não por falta de parâmetros, mas pela incerteza que surge quando uma fisiologia complexa é traduzida em rótulos estáticos nos laudos ecocardiográficos. Na prática clínica, os médicos frequentemente se preocupam menos com o grau específico de DD e mais com suas implicações prognósticas e com o fato de saber se pressões de enchimento elevadas podem explicar a dispneia, orientar investigações adicionais e sustentar decisões terapêuticas. É precisamente nessas variáveis, a pressão média do átrio esquerdo (PMAE) e a pressão de enchimento do ventrículo esquerdo (PEVE), que a ecocardiografia precisa ser mais pragmática, minimizando o número de laudos &quot;indeterminados&quot; e oferecendo uma conclusão operacional fundamentada na fisiologia integrada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>O raciocínio estruturado que sustenta esse objetivo começou com a diretriz de 2009 da American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Echocardiography sobre a avaliação da função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> um verdadeiro marco que organizou o pensamento moderno sobre a diástole, estabeleceu uma linguagem compartilhada para os principais mecanismos fisiopatológicos e sistematizou a interpretação dos parâmetros ecocardiográficos. Além de seu valor conceitual, reforçou um princípio crítico para os laboratórios de ecocardiografia: a avaliação da diástole deve se traduzir em uma mensagem clinicamente significativa, particularmente quando há suspeita de insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEP).</p>
<p>A atualização de 2016 da diretriz representou outro passo importante ao simplificar e melhorar a reprodutibilidade da avaliação multiparamétrica, com foco em variáveis amplamente disponíveis e adequadas para uso rotineiro.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Na prática, contudo, a experiência após 2016 revelou um problema persistente: no mundo real, especialmente entre pacientes com ICFEP, uma proporção substancial de exames continuava sendo classificada como função diastólica &quot;indeterminada&quot;. Embora metodologicamente honesto, esse resultado frequentemente é clinicamente insuficiente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>O estudo de Lababidi et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> representa um ponto de inflexão pragmático. Em uma coorte multicêntrica validada contra dados hemodinâmicos invasivos, os autores propuseram um algoritmo ecocardiográfico em etapas para estimar a PEVE. A primeira etapa baseia-se em medidas de alta factibilidade, enquanto a segunda resolve discordâncias ou dados incompletos utilizando parâmetros adicionais sustentados por forte fundamentação fisiopatológica. Sua relevância editorial é direta: o algoritmo foi desenvolvido para reduzir a proporção de casos &quot;indeterminados&quot; e melhorar a acurácia diagnóstica (de 80% para 86% em pacientes com ICFEP) na determinação da PEVE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>Após a publicação de Lababidi et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> a diretriz de 2025 &quot;recalibra o barômetro&quot; ao incorporar esses algoritmos propostos em uma estratégia estruturada para avaliação diastólica e diagnóstico de ICFEP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Essa atualização não apenas refina a acurácia da classificação da DD, mas também melhora a identificação de PEVE elevada, reduzindo significativamente a proporção de casos classificados como indeterminados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Esses fluxos se aplicam a pacientes em ritmo sinusal e sem condições valvares mitrais que distorçam a avaliação do relaxamento e da PEVE, como estenose mitral de qualquer grau e insuficiência mitral moderada ou importante, ou calcificação do anel mitral.</p>
<p>No entanto, a diretriz de 2025 apresenta duas figuras-chave (Figuras 2 e 3 desse documento<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup>) que, em uma leitura superficial, podem parecer competir entre si e, portanto, gerar incerteza operacional. Em termos gerais, a Figura 2 dessa diretriz avalia a presença de DD, enquanto a Figura 3 classifica os achados com base na PMAE estimada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Quando interpretadas como vias alternativas, em vez de etapas complementares, podem perpetuar a incerteza e levar a resultados conflitantes.</p>
<p>Nesse contexto, a carta de Assef e Nishida<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> ganha relevância prática. Os autores propõem integrar essas figuras de forma sequencial, redefinindo a Figura 2 como Algoritmo 1 (etapas para o diagnóstico de DD) e a Figura 3 como Algoritmo 2 (classificação da DD e estimativa da PMAE), ambos apresentados na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref> deste Editorial, com regras de transição mais claras e critérios de desempate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Esse uso integrado facilita a interpretação e reduz a probabilidade de classificação incorreta. A resposta editorial dos autores da diretriz, ao esclarecer aspectos relacionados à interpretação e aplicabilidade, também contribui para harmonizar o entendimento e reduzir a variabilidade no uso dessas ferramentas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption><title>Algoritmo integrado para DD (adaptado de Assef e Nishida5 com permissão). AE: átrio esquerdo; DD: disfunção diastólica; iMVE: índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (VE); iVAE: índice de volume do AE; IT: insuficiência tricúspide; PAE: pressão do AE; PSAP: pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar; S/D: sistólico/diastólico; SRAE: <italic>strain</italic> do AE, fase de reservatório; TRIV: tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20260004-gf01-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Na prática, essa integração tem duas consequências imediatas. Primeiro, preserva um conjunto central de medidas amplamente factíveis (Doppler transmitral, velocidades e′, relação E/e′ e estimativa da pressão pulmonar) como etapa inicial de tomada de decisão, ao mesmo tempo em que direciona o uso de parâmetros adicionais com forte fundamentação fisiopatológica quando necessário. Segundo, os chamados parâmetros avançados passam a ocupar seu papel adequado: não como incrementos tecnológicos, mas como ferramentas para resolver discordâncias e aproximar o laudo da questão clínica central, PEVE aumentada versus não aumentada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>Além da reorganização do fluxo de trabalho, a diretriz de 2025 incorpora duas mensagens que refletem diretamente a prática clínica diária. A primeira é o reconhecimento do <italic>strain</italic> de reservatório do átrio esquerdo como uma variável adicional para a avaliação diastólica, particularmente em populações com fração de ejeção preservada, nas quais a faixa de normalidade é ampla e a dependência de carga exige maior sofisticação interpretativa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A segunda é o reforço de que as velocidades e′ ao Doppler tecidual do anel mitral devem ser interpretadas no contexto da idade, reconhecendo o declínio fisiológico do relaxamento associado ao envelhecimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Em conjunto, essas incorporações seguem a mesma direção: reduzir conflitos falsos entre variáveis e aumentar a probabilidade de uma conclusão coerente quando o quadro clínico é sugestivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
<p>Além disso, o papel renovado do Doppler de veias pulmonares é consistente com a evolução histórica do campo. Já em 2009, esse parâmetro desempenhava um papel relevante na inferência da PEVE e na distinção dos padrões de enchimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Ao reposicioná-lo como uma variável de desempate, os algoritmos contemporâneos resgatam sua capacidade de reduzir adequadamente a zona cinzenta diagnóstica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>A integração com algoritmos clínicos representa o próximo passo na redução de erros de atribuição em pacientes com dispneia multifatorial. Abordagens como o H2FPEF ajudam a estimar a probabilidade pré-teste e a identificar aqueles que podem se beneficiar de investigação adicional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> De forma complementar, o algoritmo HFA-PEFF organiza a probabilidade diagnóstica e orienta decisões quanto à realização de testes funcionais ou avaliação hemodinâmica invasiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
<p>Por fim, o aprimoramento da precisão diagnóstica tem uma consequência prática inevitável: a ICFEP agora conta com terapias que modificam desfechos. Sem transformar este Editorial em uma revisão terapêutica, é importante reconhecer que estudos como EMPEROR-Preserved (empagliflozina) e DELIVER (dapagliflozina) estabeleceram os inibidores de SGLT2 como intervenções benéficas em pacientes com ICFEP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Quanto mais consistente for o diagnóstico de um fenótipo de ICFEP, mais apropriada será a aplicação de estratégias terapêuticas baseadas em evidências.</p>
<p>Em síntese, &quot;recalibrar o barômetro&quot; na DD significa resgatar o que a diretriz de 2009<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> organizou conceitualmente, reconhecer o que a diretriz de 2016<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> simplificou e aplicar o que a diretriz de 2025<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> operacionalizou: uma abordagem sequencial, integrada e orientada por propósito para classificar a função diastólica e estimar a PMAE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Novos algoritmos diastólicos permitem uma conclusão clinicamente acionável, ancorada na fisiologia, sobre a probabilidade de PEVE aumentada. Ao integrar sequencialmente a classificação da função diastólica com a estimativa da PEVE, conforme proposto por Assef &amp; Nishida,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> as inconsistências observadas nas diretrizes recentes são substancialmente reduzidas, e o laudo ecocardiográfico ganha maior coerência e robustez, especialmente quando interpretado no contexto clínico do paciente.</p>
</body>
</sub-article>
</article>
