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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="other">abcimg.20250055i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250055i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case Report</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Aneurysm of the Suprahepatic Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-8082-7578</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Mariano</surname><given-names>Gabriella Ghattas</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and writing of the manuscript</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-9064-3072</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Thaines</surname><given-names>Calina Araujo</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and writing of the manuscript</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-9078-184X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Desani</surname><given-names>Gabrielle Silva</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and writing of the manuscript</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-8795-4778</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Gouvêa</surname><given-names>Letícia de Castro</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and writing of the manuscript</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-2397-206X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Covilo</surname><given-names>Paulo Vítor Cabral</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and writing of the manuscript</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-0384-4335</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Caravante</surname><given-names>Rogério de Paula Garcia</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>acquisition of data</role>
<role>analysis and interpretation of the data and writing of the manuscript</role>
<role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universitário Católico Salesiano Auxilium</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Araçatuba</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Centro Universitário Católico Salesiano Auxilium, Araçatuba, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label> <bold>Rogério de Paula Garcia Caravante•</bold> Centro Universitário Católico Salesiano Auxilium. Rodovia Teotonio Vilela, 3821. Postal code: <postal-code>16016-500</postal-code>. Araçatuba, SP – Brazil E-mail: <email>rpgcaravante2011@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="coi-statement"><label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><label>Editor responsible for the review:</label> <p>Tiago Magalhães</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>01</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2026</year></pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<elocation-id>e20250055</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>04</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>29</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>25</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Aneurysm</kwd>
<kwd>Inferior Vena Cava</kwd>
<kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
<kwd>Case Reports</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<funding-statement><bold>Sources of Funding</bold>: There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="6"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="9"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>Aneurysms of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are a rare occurrence in the cardiovascular system and can present with a variety of signs and symptoms. In many cases, patients remain asymptomatic, which makes diagnosis difficult.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Venous aneurysms are defined as an abnormal and persistent dilation of a vein in a specific area, with a diameter at least twice that considered normal. An IVC aneurysm is a specific type of venous aneurysm.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> This case report is relevant because this condition is rare; by 2021, only around 70 cases had been described in literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>Aneurysms may arise due to fragility in the vessel wall and can be triggered by various factors, including hypertension, trauma, infection, and genetic conditions. Smoking, atherosclerosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are also considered risk factors for aneurysm development. Although they can occur in different regions of the body, they most frequently affect the cerebral arteries, the aorta, and the peripheral arteries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>The clinical manifestations of aneurysms vary according to the size, location, and stability of the vascular dilation. They may even remain asymptomatic. However, in more severe cases, the vessel may rupture, resulting in hemorrhage, embolism, or thrombosis. These events may progress to fatal outcomes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Among symptomatic patients with IVC aneurysm, the most frequently reported clinical findings include abdominal pain, lower limb edema (LLE), and dyspnea. Associated complications may include vena cava thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism, conditions that represent a significant risk to patients’ lives.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>The objective of this study is to report a case of IVC aneurysm diagnosed in a private clinic in the city of Araçatuba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, classified as Type I because it is located in the suprahepatic portion of the IVC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The clinical presentation, characterized by nonspecific manifestations as well as the diagnostic process and the follow-up strategy adopted, are highlighted.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Case report</title>
<p>A 75-year-old White female patient sought care from a pulmonologist due to diffuse pain in the dorsal region and cough. Due to initial suspicions of a respiratory condition, a contrast-enhanced chest CT scan was requested. During the scan, a protruding sacular formation was identified in the upper quadrant of the abdomen.</p>
<p>The imaging examination demonstrated the presence of an IVC aneurysm in a suprahepatic location, classified as Type I according to the Gradman &amp; Steinberg classification,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> adjacent to the right atrium, without evidence of venous obstruction, measuring 4.2 cm at its greatest diameter. The cardiac silhouette was also observed to be of normal size, and the mediastinal vessels were centered, without other relevant abnormalities. These findings are illustrated in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">2</xref>.</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><title>Chest CT. A) Chest CT with IV contrast administration, sagittal section, showing an IVC aneurysm (white circle); B) Chest CT with IV contrast administration, coronal section, demonstrating a suprahepatic IVC aneurysm adjacent to the right atrium (white arrow). CT: computed tomography; IVC: inferior vena cava.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250055-gf01.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><title>Chest computed tomography with IV contrast administration, axial section, showing an inferior vena cava aneurysm measuring 42.24 mm in the largest diameter and 31.58 mm in the smallest diameter (white lines).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250055-gf02.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>According to the clinical history, the patient maintains a healthy lifestyle, with regular physical activity and a balanced diet, denying alcohol consumption and smoking. She was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is currently undergoing treatment. She reports a history of seizures during childhood and two vaginal deliveries in the second decade of life. Her surgical history includes appendectomy, gastroesophageal hiatoplasty, cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, arthroplasty, and uterine curettage after an episode of ectopic pregnancy. In addition, she reports recurrent episodes of discomfort associated with palpitations throughout her life.</p>
<p>After the incidental finding, the patient was referred for cardiological evaluation and subsequently for consultation with a cardiovascular surgeon to undergo a more detailed investigation. At the time of the specialized evaluation, she was oligosymptomatic, presenting only persistent dorsal pain, which worsened with movement and improved with rest. On physical examination, slight abdominal prominence was observed, without pain on palpation, a finding consistent with the results of the previously performed imaging examination.</p>
<p>During follow-up, the patient presented significant improvement in pain after symptomatic treatment and remains under conservative clinical follow-up due to the stability of the condition. Currently, she undergoes periodic follow-up with a cardiovascular surgeon, with semiannual consultations and serial imaging examinations, with the objective of monitoring possible changes in the dimensions or characteristics of the IVC aneurysm.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussion</title>
<p>According to the classification proposed for IVC aneurysms, there are four forms of presentation (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3</xref>). Type I corresponds to an aneurysm located in the suprahepatic portion of the IVC, without venous obstruction. Type II is associated with interruption of the IVC. Type III refers to an aneurysm located in the infrarenal portion of the IVC. Finally, Type IV corresponds to an aneurysm involving the iliac vein, associated with the presence of a left-sided IVC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Based on this classification, the case presented was characterized as a Type I IVC aneurysm due to its suprahepatic location.</p>
<fig id="f3">
<label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><title>Schematic representation of the four types of IVC aneurysm. A) Type I: aneurysm located in the suprahepatic portion of the IVC, without obstruction of venous flow; B) Type II: infrarenal aneurysm associated with interruption of the suprahepatic segment of the IVC; C) Type III: aneurysmal dilation in the infrarenal region, without obstruction; D) Type IV: aneurysm involving the iliac vein, with the IVC positioned on the left side. Image adapted from Gradman &amp; Steinberg.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> IVC: inferior vena cava.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250055-gf03.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>In the present report, the patient is female, 75 years old, and remained oligosymptomatic throughout her clinical history. Previous studies describe that most patients diagnosed with IVC aneurysm are male, with a mean age of 63.5 years among cases classified as Type I, with a large proportion of them being asymptomatic.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> These data demonstrate that there may be variation in the epidemiological profile of individuals affected by this condition.</p>
<p>In this case, the diagnosis of IVC aneurysm was established after a chest CT scan. For the identification of this condition, imaging examinations constitute the main diagnostic method, particularly CT, magnetic resonance angiography, and venography, as they allow detailed evaluation of the morphology and characteristics of the venous aneurysm.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> In the reported case, CT enabled precise visualization of the location, shape, and dimensions of the lesion.</p>
<p>Among the main complications associated with IVC aneurysm are rupture, DVT, pulmonary embolism, and IVC syndrome. Rupture occurs more frequently in aneurysms classified as Types II and III and may manifest with intense abdominal pain, dorsal pain, and LLE, leading to more severe clinical conditions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Considering the classification of the aneurysm described in this report, Type I, as well as the patient&apos;s clinical history, no complications have been observed to date.</p>
<p>The literature describes abdominal pain, dyspnea, dorsalgia, LLE, and a sensation of heaviness in the lower limbs as the most common clinical manifestations in patients with IVC aneurysm. However, in aneurysms classified as Type I, asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic cases are more frequent.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> In agreement with these findings, the patient in this report presented dorsalgia as the main clinical manifestation, which may be related to the identified aneurysm.</p>
<p>The treatment adopted in this case was conservative, with periodic clinical follow-up through physical examination and imaging studies, including CT performed every 6 months. This approach is consistent with the therapeutic algorithm proposed by Baker et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> which recommends conservative management with regular monitoring for IVC aneurysms classified as Type I. For Types II, III, and IV, the literature often indicates surgical intervention, such as embolization or resection, due to the higher risk of complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions">
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Due to the scarcity of studies on the topic, the particularities described in this case may contribute to improving diagnosis and management in patients presenting with similar clinical features and symptoms. As a cardiovascular condition with possible systemic repercussions and often without evident clinical manifestations, IVC aneurysm may progress silently. Early identification is therefore essential for appropriate clinical management and follow-up.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1"><label>Sources of Funding</label>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2"><label>Study Association</label>
<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3"><label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
<p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Missão Salesiana De Mato Grosso under the protocol number 7.053.378 (CAAE 79880624.0.0000.5379). All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4"><label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
<p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
<ack>
<title>Acknowledgments</title>
<p>We thank everyone who contributed, directly or indirectly, to the completion of this case report.</p>
</ack>
<sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
<title>Availability of Research Data</title>
<p>The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
</sec>
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<lpage>7812</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.repc.2016.11.014</pub-id>
</element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Duarte ML, Abreu BFBB, Silva AQPD, Prado JLMA, Silva MQPD. Idiopathic Inferior Vena Cava Aneurysm - Tomographic Diagnosis. Rev Port Cardiol. 2017;36(10):7812. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.11.014.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Momeni</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Momeni</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ruptured Inferior Vena Cava Aneurysm in the Setting of Mural Vascular Malformation: A Case Report</article-title>
<source>J Clin Ultrasound</source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>423</fpage>
<lpage>425</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jcu.22708</pub-id>
</element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Momeni M, Momeni F. Ruptured Inferior Vena Cava Aneurysm in the Setting of Mural Vascular Malformation: A Case Report. J Clin Ultrasound. 2019;47(7):423-5. doi: 10.1002/jcu.22708.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250055</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Relato de Caso</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Aneurisma da Porção Supra-Hepática da Veia Cava Inferior: Relato de Caso</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-8082-7578</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Mariano</surname><given-names>Gabriella Ghattas</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obtenção de dados</role>
<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e redação do manuscrito</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-9064-3072</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Thaines</surname><given-names>Calina Araujo</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obtenção de dados</role>
<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e redação do manuscrito</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-9078-184X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Desani</surname><given-names>Gabrielle Silva</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obtenção de dados</role>
<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e redação do manuscrito</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-8795-4778</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Gouvêa</surname><given-names>Letícia de Castro</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obtenção de dados</role>
<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e redação do manuscrito</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-2397-206X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Covilo</surname><given-names>Paulo Vítor Cabral</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obtenção de dados</role>
<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e redação do manuscrito</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-0384-4335</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Caravante</surname><given-names>Rogério de Paula Garcia</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>obtenção de dados</role>
<role>análise e interpretação dos dados e redação do manuscrito</role>
<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Araçatuba</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Centro Universitário Católico Salesiano Auxilium, Araçatuba, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspondência: Rogério de Paula Garcia Caravante •</bold> Centro Universitário Católico Salesiano Auxilium. Rodovia Teotonio Vilela, 3821. CEP: <postal-code>16016-500</postal-code>. Araçatuba, SP – Brasil E-mail: <email>rpgcaravante2011@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="coi-statement"><label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label><p>Tiago Magalhães</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Aneurisma</kwd>
<kwd>Veia Cava Inferior</kwd>
<kwd>Doenças Cardiovasculares</kwd>
<kwd>Relatos de Casos</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<funding-statement><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introdução</title>
<p>Os aneurismas da veia cava inferior (VCI) constituem achados raros no sistema cardiovascular e podem manifestar-se com sinais e sintomas variados. Em muitos casos, os pacientes permanecem assintomáticos, o que contribui para a dificuldade no estabelecimento do diagnóstico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Aneurismas venosos são definidos como uma dilatação anormal e persistente de uma veia em uma região focal, apresentando diâmetro pelo menos duas vezes maior que o considerado normal. Nesse contexto, o aneurisma da VCI representa uma forma específica de aneurisma venoso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A relevância do presente relato de caso é evidenciada pela raridade dessa condição, visto que, até 2021, aproximadamente 70 casos haviam sido descritos na literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>Essa condição pode surgir em decorrência de fragilidade na parede do vaso, podendo ser desencadeada por diferentes fatores, como hipertensão, traumas, infecções ou condições genéticas. Além desses fatores, tabagismo, aterosclerose e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica também são considerados fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de aneurismas. Embora possam ocorrer em diferentes regiões do corpo, os locais mais frequentemente acometidos são as artérias cerebrais, a aorta e as artérias periféricas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
<p>As manifestações clínicas associadas aos aneurismas variam de acordo com o tamanho, a localização e a estabilidade da dilatação vascular, podendo inclusive permanecer assintomáticas. Entretanto, em situações mais graves, pode ocorrer ruptura do vaso acometido, resultando em hemorragias, embolias ou trombose, eventos que podem evoluir para desfechos fatais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Entre os pacientes sintomáticos com aneurisma de VCI, os achados clínicos mais frequentemente descritos incluem dor abdominal, edema de membros inferiores (MMII) e dispneia. As complicações associadas podem incluir trombose da veia cava, trombose venosa profunda (TVP) e embolia pulmonar, condições que representam risco significativo à vida dos pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de aneurisma de VCI diagnosticado em consultório particular na cidade de Araçatuba, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, classificado como Tipo I por localizar-se na porção supra-hepática do vaso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Destacam-se a apresentação clínica, caracterizada por manifestações inespecíficas, bem como o processo diagnóstico e a estratégia de acompanhamento adotada.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Relato de caso</title>
<p>Paciente do sexo feminino, 75 anos, branca, procurou atendimento com médico pneumologista após apresentar dor difusa na região dorsal associada a tosse. Diante da suspeita inicial de quadro respiratório, foi solicitada tomografia computadorizada (TC) de tórax com contraste, na qual se identificou, incidentalmente, uma formação protuberante de aspecto sacular no quadrante superior do abdome.</p>
<p>O exame de imagem evidenciou a presença de aneurisma da VCI em localização supra-hepática, classificado como Tipo I segundo a classificação de Gradman e Steinberg,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> adjacente ao átrio direito, sem evidências de obstrução venosa, medindo 4,2 cm em seu maior diâmetro. Observou-se, ainda, área cardíaca de dimensões normais e vasos mediastinais centrados, sem outras alterações relevantes. Esses achados estão ilustrados nas <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figuras 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">2</xref>.</p>
<fig id="f4">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption><title>TC de tórax. A) TC de tórax com administração de contraste intravenoso, em corte sagital, evidenciando aneurisma da VCI (círculo branco); B) TC de tórax com administração de contraste intravenoso, em corte coronal, demonstrando aneurisma supra-hepático da VCI adjacente ao átrio direito (seta branca). TC: tomografia computadorizada; VCI: veia cava inferior.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250055-gf01-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f5">
<label>Figura 2</label>
<caption><title>Tomografia computadorizada de tórax com administração de contraste intravenoso, em corte axial, evidenciando aneurisma da veia cava inferior com 42,24 mm de maior diâmetro e 31,58 mm de menor diâmetro (linhas brancas).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250055-gf02-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>De acordo com o histórico clínico, a paciente apresenta estilo de vida saudável, com prática regular de atividade física e alimentação equilibrada, negando etilismo e tabagismo. Foi recentemente diagnosticada com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, encontrando-se em tratamento. Relata antecedentes de crises convulsivas na infância e dois partos vaginais na segunda década de vida. O histórico cirúrgico inclui apendicectomia, hiatoplastia gastroesofágica, colecistectomia, histerectomia, ooforectomia, artroplastia e curetagem uterina após episódio de gravidez ectópica. Além disso, refere episódios recorrentes de desconforto associados a palpitações ao longo da vida.</p>
<p>Após o achado incidental, a paciente foi encaminhada para avaliação cardiológica e, posteriormente, para consulta com cirurgião cardiovascular, a fim de realizar investigação mais detalhada. No momento da avaliação especializada, encontrava-se oligossintomática, apresentando apenas dor dorsal persistente, que se intensificava com o movimento e apresentava melhora com o repouso. Ao exame físico, observou-se discreta proeminência abdominal, sem dor à palpação, achado compatível com os resultados do exame de imagem previamente realizado.</p>
<p>Durante o acompanhamento, a paciente apresentou melhora significativa da dor após tratamento sintomático e permanece em seguimento clínico conservador, em virtude da estabilidade do quadro. Atualmente, realiza acompanhamento periódico com cirurgião cardiovascular, com consultas semestrais e exames de imagem seriados, com o objetivo de monitorar possíveis alterações nas dimensões ou características do aneurisma da VCI.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussão</title>
<p>De acordo com a classificação proposta para os aneurismas da VCI, existem quatro formas de apresentação (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 3</xref>). O Tipo I corresponde ao aneurisma localizado na porção supra-hepática da VCI, sem obstrução venosa. O Tipo II está associado à interrupção da VCI. O Tipo III refere-se ao aneurisma localizado na porção infrarrenal da VCI. Por fim, o Tipo IV corresponde ao aneurisma envolvendo a veia ilíaca, associado à presença de VCI à esquerda.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Com base nessa classificação, o caso apresentado foi caracterizado como aneurisma da VCI do Tipo I, em razão de sua localização supra-hepática.</p>
<fig id="f6">
<label>Figura 3</label>
<caption><title>Representação esquemática dos quatro tipos de aneurisma da VCI. A) Tipo I: aneurisma localizado na porção supra-hepática da VCI, sem obstrução do fluxo venoso; B) Tipo II: aneurisma infrarrenal associado à interrupção do segmento supra-hepático da VCI; C) Tipo III: dilatação aneurismática na região infrarrenal, sem obstrução; D) Tipo IV: aneurisma envolvendo a veia ilíaca, com posicionamento da VCI à esquerda. Imagem adaptada de Gradman e Steinberg.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> VCI: veia cava inferior.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250055-gf03-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>No presente relato, a paciente, do sexo feminino, possui 75 anos e manteve-se oligossintomática ao longo de sua história clínica. Estudos prévios descrevem que a maioria dos pacientes diagnosticados com aneurisma de VCI é do sexo masculino, com idade média de 63,5 anos entre os casos classificados como Tipo I, sendo grande parte deles assintomática.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Esses dados demonstram que pode haver variação no perfil epidemiológico dos indivíduos acometidos por essa condição.</p>
<p>Neste caso, o diagnóstico de aneurisma de VCI foi estabelecido após a realização de TC de tórax. Para a identificação dessa condição, os exames de imagem constituem o principal método diagnóstico, destacando-se a TC, a angiorressonância magnética e a venografia, pois permitem a avaliação detalhada da morfologia e das características do aneurisma venoso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> No caso relatado, a TC possibilitou a visualização precisa da localização, do formato e das dimensões da lesão.</p>
<p>Entre as principais complicações associadas ao aneurisma da VCI destacam-se ruptura, TVP, embolia pulmonar e síndrome da VCI. A ruptura ocorre com maior frequência nos aneurismas classificados como Tipos II e III, podendo manifestar-se com dor abdominal intensa, dor dorsal e edema de MMII, levando a quadros clínicos mais graves.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Considerando a classificação do aneurisma descrito neste relato, do Tipo I, bem como a história clínica da paciente, não foram observadas complicações até o momento.</p>
<p>A literatura descreve como manifestações clínicas mais comuns em pacientes com aneurisma de VCI dor abdominal, dispneia, dorsalgia, edema de MMII e sensação de peso nos MMII. Entretanto, nos aneurismas classificados como Tipo I, os casos assintomáticos ou oligossintomáticos são mais frequentes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Em concordância com esses achados, a paciente deste relato apresentou como principal manifestação clínica a dorsalgia, que pode estar relacionada ao aneurisma identificado.</p>
<p>O tratamento adotado neste caso foi conservador, com acompanhamento clínico periódico por meio de exame físico e exames de imagem, incluindo TC realizada a cada 6 meses. Essa conduta está em concordância com o algoritmo terapêutico proposto por Montero-Baker et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> que recomenda manejo conservador com monitoramento regular para aneurismas da VCI classificados como Tipo I. Para os Tipos II, III e IV a literatura frequentemente indica intervenção cirúrgica, como embolização ou ressecção, em razão do maior risco de complicações.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions">
<title>Conclusão</title>
<p>Devido à escassez de estudos sobre o tema, as particularidades descritas neste caso podem contribuir para aprimorar o diagnóstico e a conduta em pacientes que apresentem quadro clínico e sintomatologia semelhantes. Por se tratar de uma alteração cardiovascular com possíveis repercussões sistêmicas e, frequentemente, sem manifestações clínicas evidentes, o aneurisma da VCI pode evoluir de forma silenciosa. Nesse contexto, a identificação precoce é fundamental para o adequado manejo clínico e acompanhamento do paciente.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5"><label>Fontes de Financiamento</label>
<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6"><label>Vinculação Acadêmica </label>
<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn7"><label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado </label>
<p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do(a) Missão Salesiana De Mato Grosso sob o número de protocolo 7.053.378 (CAAE 79880624.0.0000.5379). Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo estão de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes incluídos no estudo.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn8"><label>Uso de Inteligência Artificial</label>
<p>Os autores não utilizaram ferramentas de inteligência artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
<ack>
<title>Agradecimentos</title>
<p>Agradecemos a todos que contribuíram, direta ou indiretamente, para a realização deste relato de caso.</p>
</ack>
<sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
<title>Disponibilidade de Dados</title>
<p>Os conteúdos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa estão contidos no manuscrito.</p>
</sec>
</back>
</sub-article>
</article>
