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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="other">02202</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250049i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Hemodynamic Impact of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy at Rest and During Supine Bicycle Exercise: Additional Value of Postprandial Assessment</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0780-2922</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Abreu</surname>
						<given-names>Marília Esther Benevides</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Acquisition of data</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9292-2894</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Diógenes</surname>
						<given-names>Tereza Cristina Pinheiro</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-1566-684X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Chagas</surname>
						<given-names>Isadora Sucupira Machado</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-7143-5966</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Xerex</surname>
						<given-names>Humberto Mororó</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6650-1292</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Abreu</surname>
						<given-names>José Sebastião De</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
					<role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
					<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
					<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Clinicárdio Métodos Diagnósticos</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Clinicárdio Métodos Diagnósticos, Fortaleza, CE – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01">
					<label>Mailing Address:</label> José Sebastião De Abreu Clinicárdio de Fortaleza e Cardioexata. Rua Doutor Jose Lourenço, 500. Postal code: 60115-280. Fortaleza, CE – Brazil E-mail: <email>jsabreu10@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement" id="fnPotentialConflictofInterest">
					<label>Potential Conflict of Interest:</label>
					<p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
					<p> Andrea Vilela</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>30</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2026</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2026</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>39</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>e20250049</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>21</day>
					<month>06</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>28</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2026</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>2</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2026</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<p>A patient with severe, symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) without a significant left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient at rest requires further evaluation. During exercise echocardiography (EE) performed on a supine bicycle, a latent or underestimated dynamic obstruction may be identified in real time, with postprandial assessment being particularly relevant.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords:</title>
				<kwd>Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
				<kwd>Exercise Test</kwd>
				<kwd>Exercise</kwd>
				<kwd>Postprandial</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<funding-statement><bold>Sources of Funding:</bold> There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
			</funding-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="6"/>
				<table-count count="2"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="8"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="cases">
			<title>Case report</title>
			<p>A 42-year-old female patient had previous emergency department visits due to precordial discomfort radiating to the back and episodes of presyncope. During one episode, troponin elevation was observed. She subsequently underwent coronary computed tomography angiography, which demonstrated normal epicardial coronary arteries (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01">
					<label>Figure 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Structural and functional characterization in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: coronary computed tomography angiography and multimodal echocardiographic assessment. A) Coronary computed tomography angiography – three-dimensional reconstruction showing the LMCA and its branches (anterior view); B) coronary computed tomography angiography – three-dimensional reconstruction showing epicardial coronary arteries and branches (complementary view); C) transthoracic echocardiography in two-dimensional and M-mode demonstrating myocardial morphology and wall thickening; D) transthoracic echocardiography in two-dimensional and M-mode with additional assessment of ventricular dynamics; E) echocardiography with atrial volumetric quantification (biplane method); F) LV GS analysis (polar map/bull’s-eye). AD: left anterior descending artery; Cx: circumflex artery; Dg1: first diagonal branch; Dg2: second diagonal branch; Dg3: third diagonal branch; GS: global longitudinal strain; LA: left atrium; LMCA: left main coronary artery; LV: left ventricle; Mg1: first marginal branch (obtuse marginal); Mg2: second marginal branch (obtuse marginal); Mg3: third marginal branch (obtuse marginal); PD: posterior descending artery; PV: posterior ventricular branch; RA: right atrium; RCD: right coronary artery; RV: right ventricle.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250049-gf01.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>She had HCM with a septal diastolic thickness of 34 mm. Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve was absent at rest and under fasting conditions. The left ventricle was hyperdynamic, with an ejection fraction of 69% and global longitudinal strain of −13%. Atrial volumes were normal, and cardiac valves were competent (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
			<p>While receiving propranolol, the patient underwent supine bicycle EE, a method that allows continuous assessment of myocardial contractility and changes in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient throughout the procedure (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>). The first examination was performed in the morning under fasting conditions. She was then instructed to consume a meal of 1000-1500 kcal, predominantly composed of carbohydrates. On the same day, approximately 30 min after the meal, she returned for a repeat echocardiography (EE) study.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02">
					<label>Figure 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Hemodynamic Impact of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy at Rest and During Supine Bicycle Exercise: Additional Value of Postprandial Assessment.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250049-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>The initial workload was 25 W, with increments of 25 W every 2 min. The test was terminated at 75 W due to exhaustion and fatigue. Heart rate ranged from 56 to 120 bpm, with no chest pain, hypotension, or arrhythmias (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>). No murmur was audible at rest; however, during exercise, a grade 2/4 systolic murmur emerged at the left sternal border. The highest LVOT gradients were observed during the recovery phase, with heart rate below 100 bpm.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1">
					<label>Table 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Hemodynamic parameters</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left">Variables</th>
								<th>Rest</th>
								<th>Exercise (75 W)</th>
								<th>Recovery</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td>Blood pressure – fasting</td>
								<td align="center">100 × 80 mmHg</td>
								<td align="center">150 × 90 mmHg</td>
								<td align="center">120 × 80 mmHg</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Blood pressure – postprandial</td>
								<td align="center">100 × 70 mmHg</td>
								<td align="center">160 × 100 mmHg</td>
								<td align="center">100 × 80 mmHg</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Heart rate – fasting</td>
								<td align="center">57 bpm</td>
								<td align="center">123 bpm</td>
								<td align="center">78 bpm</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Heart rate – postprandial</td>
								<td align="center">68 bpm</td>
								<td align="center">120 bpm</td>
								<td align="center">80 bpm</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Under fasting conditions, the resting LVOT gradient was 8 mmHg, with no SAM. During exercise in the fasting state, the gradient reached 36 mmHg. In the postprandial condition, SAM was already detectable at rest, with a baseline gradient of 16 mmHg and a gradient of 48 mmHg during exercise (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f03">
					<label>Figure 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– Variation in the left ventricular outflow tract gradient during fasting and postprandial states at rest and during exercise. HR: heart rate.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250049-gf03.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>HCM has an estimated prevalence of 1:200-1:500 in the general population, although only a smaller proportion of cases (10%-20%) are clinically diagnosed. Clinical presentation reflects variations in preload and afterload, which influence dynamic obstruction and symptom expression. Physiological maneuvers may intensify dynamic obstruction and cardiac murmur; however, the postprandial state may produce a meaningful increase in the LVOT gradient both at rest and during exercise, even when additional maneuvers do not demonstrate a significant effect.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The hemodynamic impact of obstructive HCM may vary substantially within the same patient, even under pharmacological therapy. Identification of greater hemodynamic burden may indicate the need for therapeutic optimization or consideration of additional strategies such as septal myectomy, septal ablation (alcohol or radiofrequency), or pacemaker implantation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Studies evaluating HCM during exercise frequently use treadmill testing or upright bicycle protocols, with LVOT gradient measurement performed after exercise cessation. In this case, a supine bicycle was used, allowing continuous assessment of cardiac dynamics and real-time gradient measurement without interrupting the examination.</p>
			<p>In a substantial proportion of patients with HCM, the gradient may be exacerbated in the postprandial state. Between 30-60 min after a meal, systemic vascular resistance may decrease, mainly due to mesenteric arterial vasodilation, in addition to reduced venous return and preload. Subsequent adrenergic stimulation promotes increased inotropy and chronotropy. These hemodynamic interactions may intensify a pre-existing gradient or reveal a latent LVOT gradient.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Studies assessing the LVOT gradient in patients with HCM during postprandial exercise generally include comparison with fasting evaluation to demonstrate potential differences. There is no standardized meal type. In general, moderate caloric intake (1000-1500 kcal) is recommended. The ideal composition remains uncertain, although carbohydrate-rich meals are frequently used.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
			<p>In cases of HCM with increased LVOT gradient in the postprandial state, pharmacological therapy may be initiated or adjusted. Patients should be advised to consume smaller, more frequent meals and maintain adequate hydration.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>In the assessment of HCM severity, postprandial evaluation is relevant both at rest and during exercise, contributing to therapeutic optimization and guidance on lifestyle modifications.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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							<given-names>AJ</given-names>
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		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Study Association:</label>
				<p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate:</label>
				<p> This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Estadual do Ceará under the protocol number 70990923.6.0000.5534. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label>Use of Artificial Intelligence:</label>
				<p> The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
				<label>Availability of Research Data:</label>
				<p> The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
				<label>Sources of Funding:</label>
				<p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250049</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Repercussão Hemodinâmica da Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica em Repouso e Durante o Esforço em Bicicleta Supina: Valor Adicional da Avaliação Pós-Prandial</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0780-2922</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Abreu</surname>
						<given-names>Marília Esther Benevides</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>obtenção de dados</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9292-2894</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Diógenes</surname>
						<given-names>Tereza Cristina Pinheiro</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-1566-684X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Chagas</surname>
						<given-names>Isadora Sucupira Machado</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-7143-5966</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Xerex</surname>
						<given-names>Humberto Mororó</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6650-1292</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Abreu</surname>
						<given-names>José Sebastião De</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
					<role>análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>redação do manuscrito</role>
					<role>revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Clinicárdio Métodos Diagnósticos, Fortaleza, CE – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">
					<label>Correspondência:</label> José Sebastião De Abreu Clinicárdio de Fortaleza e Cardioexata. Rua Doutor Jose Lourenço, 500. CEP: 60115-280. Fortaleza, CE – Brasil E-mail: jsabreu10@yahoo.com.br </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
					<label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse:</label>
					<p> Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by">
					<label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label>
					<p>Andrea Vilela</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumo</title>
				<p>Paciente com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) grave e sintomática, sem gradiente expressivo na via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (VSVE) em repouso, requer avaliação adicional. Durante o ecocardiograma sob esforço (EE) em bicicleta supina, uma obstrução dinâmica subestimada ou latente pode ser identificada em tempo real, sendo particularmente relevante a avaliação em condição pós-prandial.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave:</title>
				<kwd>Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica</kwd>
				<kwd>Teste Ergométrico</kwd>
				<kwd>Exercício Físico</kwd>
				<kwd>Pós-prandial</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="cases">
				<title>Relato do caso</title>
				<p>Paciente do sexo feminino, 42 anos, com atendimentos prévios em serviço de emergência por desconforto precordial irradiado para dorso e sensação de desfalecimento. Em um desses episódios, observou-se elevação de troponina. Posteriormente, foi submetida à angiotomografia, que demonstrou artérias coronárias epicárdicas normais (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f01002">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Caracterização estrutural e funcional na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica: angiotomografia coronariana e avaliação ecocardiográfica multimodal. A) Angiotomografia coronariana – reconstrução tridimensional evidenciando TCE e seus ramos (vista anterior); B) angiotomografia coronariana – reconstrução tridimensional evidenciando coronárias epicárdicas e ramos (vista complementar); C) ecocardiografia transtorácica em modo bidimensional e modo M demonstrando morfologia e espessamento miocárdico; D) ecocardiografia transtorácica em modo bidimensional e modo M com avaliação adicional da dinâmica ventricular; E) ecocardiografia com quantificação volumétrica atrial (método biplanar); F) análise de GS do VE (mapa polar/bull’s-eye). AD: átrio direito; AE: átrio esquerdo; CD: coronária direita; Cx: artéria circunflexa; DA: artéria descendente anterior; Dg1: primeiro ramo diagonal; Dg2: segundo ramo diagonal; Dg3: terceiro ramo diagonal; DP: artéria descendente posterior; GS: strain longitudinal global; Mg1: primeiro ramo marginal (marginal obtuso); Mg2: segundo ramo marginal (marginal obtuso); Mg3: terceiro ramo marginal (marginal obtuso); TCE: tronco da coronária esquerda; VD: ventrículo direito; VE: ventrículo esquerdo; VP: ramo ventricular posterior.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250049-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>Apresentava cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) com espessura diastólica septal de 34 mm. O movimento anterior sistólico (MAS) da valva mitral estava ausente em repouso e em condição de jejum. Observou-se ventrículo esquerdo hiperdinâmico, fração de ejeção de 69% e <italic>strain</italic> global longitudinal de −13%. Os volumes atriais eram normais e as valvas competentes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
				<p>Em uso de propranolol, a paciente foi submetida ao ecocardiograma sob esforço (EE) em bicicleta na posição supina, método que permite a avaliação contínua da contratilidade miocárdica e das modificações do gradiente na via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (VSVE) ao longo de todo o procedimento (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2</xref>). O primeiro exame foi realizado pela manhã, em jejum. Em seguida, foi orientada a realizar almoço com 1000-1500 kcal, predominantemente composto por carboidratos. No mesmo dia, cerca de 30 min após a refeição, retornou para a realização de novo EE.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02002">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Repercussão Hemodinâmica da Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica em Repouso e Durante o Esforço em Bicicleta Supina: Valor Adicional da Avaliação Pós-Prandial</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250049-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>A carga inicial foi de 25 W, com incrementos de 25 W a cada 2 min. O exame foi interrompido com 75 W devido à exaustão e fadiga. A frequência cardíaca variou de 56 a 120 bpm, sem ocorrência de dor torácica, hipotensão ou arritmias (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1002">Tabela 1</xref>). Não havia sopro audível em repouso; entretanto, durante o EE, surgiu sopro sistólico ++/4 no bordo esternal esquerdo. Observou-se que os maiores gradientes na VSVE ocorreram na fase de recuperação, com frequência cardíaca inferior a 100 bpm.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t1002">
						<label>Tabela 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Parâmetros hemodinâmicos</title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="left">Variáveis</th>
									<th>Repouso</th>
									<th>Esforço (75 W)</th>
									<th>Recuperação</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td>Pressão arterial – jejum</td>
									<td align="center">100 × 80 mmHg</td>
									<td align="center">150 × 90 mmHg</td>
									<td align="center">120 × 80 mmHg</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Pressão arterial – pós-prandial</td>
									<td align="center">100 × 70 mmHg</td>
									<td align="center">160 × 100 mmHg</td>
									<td align="center">100 × 80 mmHg</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Frequência cardíaca – jejum</td>
									<td align="center">57 bpm</td>
									<td align="center">123 bpm</td>
									<td align="center">78 bpm</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Frequência cardíaca – pós-prandial</td>
									<td align="center">68 bpm</td>
									<td align="center">120 bpm</td>
									<td align="center">80 bpm</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>Em jejum, o gradiente na VSVE foi de 8 mmHg em repouso, sem MAS. Durante o esforço em jejum, o gradiente atingiu 36 mmHg. Em condição pós-prandial, o MAS passou a ser identificado já em repouso, com gradiente basal de 16 mmHg e gradiente de 48 mmHg durante o esforço (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03002">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f03002">
						<label>Figura 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– Variação do gradiente na via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo em jejum e pós-prandial durante repouso e esforço. FC: frequência cardíaca.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-39-01-e20250049-gf03-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>A CMH apresenta prevalência estimada de 1:200-1:500 na população, porém apenas uma parcela menor dos casos (10%-20%) é diagnosticada clinicamente. A apresentação clínica reflete variações de pré-carga e pós-carga, que influenciam a obstrução dinâmica e a sintomatologia. Manobras fisiológicas podem intensificar a obstrução dinâmica e o sopro cardíaco; contudo, a condição pós-prandial pode provocar acentuação relevante do gradiente na VSVE, tanto em repouso quanto durante o esforço, mesmo quando manobras adicionais não demonstram efeito significativo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A repercussão hemodinâmica da CMH obstrutiva pode variar substancialmente em um mesmo paciente, mesmo sob tratamento farmacológico. A identificação de maior repercussão pode indicar necessidade de otimização terapêutica medicamentosa ou consideração de estratégias adicionais, como miomectomia septal, ablação septal (alcoolização ou radiofrequência) ou implante de marcapasso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Nos estudos que avaliam CMH durante o esforço, são frequentemente utilizados testes em esteira ou bicicleta na posição vertical, com mensuração do gradiente na VSVE após a interrupção do exercício. No presente caso, utilizou-se bicicleta supina, permitindo avaliação contínua da dinâmica cardíaca e mensuração do gradiente em tempo real, sem interrupção do exame.</p>
				<p>Em parcela significativa dos pacientes com CMH, o gradiente pode ser exacerbado em condição pós-prandial. Entre 30-60 min após a refeição, pode ocorrer redução da resistência vascular sistêmica, principalmente por vasodilatação arterial mesentérica, além de diminuição do retorno venoso e da pré-carga. A subsequente estimulação adrenérgica favorece aumento do inotropismo e do cronotropismo. Essas interações hemodinâmicas podem intensificar um gradiente previamente existente ou revelar gradiente latente na VSVE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Estudos que avaliam o gradiente na VSVE em pacientes com CMH durante o esforço em condição pós-prandial geralmente incluem comparação com avaliação em jejum para demonstrar possíveis diferenças. Não há padronização quanto ao tipo de refeição. Recomenda-se, de modo geral, ingestão moderada (1000-1500 kcal). A composição ideal permanece controversa, embora refeições ricas em carboidratos sejam frequentemente utilizadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Nos casos de CMH com aumento do gradiente na VSVE em condição pós-prandial, a terapêutica medicamentosa pode ser iniciada ou ajustada. Recomenda-se orientar o paciente a realizar refeições mais frequentes e em menores volumes, além de manter adequada hidratação.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusão</title>
				<p>Na avaliação da gravidade da CMH, a análise em condição pós-prandial é relevante tanto no exame em repouso quanto durante o esforço, contribuindo para a otimização terapêutica e para a orientação de mudanças de hábitos.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Vinculação Acadêmica:</label>
					<p> Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado:</label>
					<p> Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do(a) Universidade Estadual do Ceará sob o número de protocolo 70990923.6.0000.5534. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo estão de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes incluídos no estudo.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label>Uso de Inteligência Artificial:</label>
					<p> Os autores não utilizaram ferramentas de inteligência artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
					<label>Disponibilidade de Dados:</label>
					<p> Os conteúdos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa estão contidos no manuscrito.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
					<label>Fontes de Financiamento:</label>
					<p> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>